The Emergence Of Greek City, The Apology, And The Parthenon

Ancient Greece took place between 800 B.C and 500 B.C. It was the developing period for art, literature, architecture, technology, etc. Prior to that, Greece used to be nothing. Ancient Greece has influenced many countries around the world. They have created some of the most influential things to humans everywhere. In this paper, I will be explain the emergence of Greek city-states, the Apology, and the Parthenon. All of which are very important to us today. A city-state by definition is a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state. Greek city-states began as poor farming communities. City-states formed because the landscaping of Greece made it almost impossible to travel from place to place. This caused them to have poor communication. Over time, the population of these communities around Greece had no choice but to become their own independent city-state. Each city-state shared common characteristics. They all created their own government, collected taxes, and worshiped their own god or goddess (GreekBoston 1). However, some city-states developed into large and more complex communities (GreekBoston 1). They would build walls and armies in their best interests to keep invaders out. Not only would they have to worry about invaders from other countries but they would have to worry about invaders from other parts of Greece. The two main city-states of Greece were Sparta and Athens. The rise of city-states are important to us today because we got the

The Economic Case For Raising The Minimum Wage - 927 Words

The Economic Case for Raising the Minimum Wage The United States is recognized for its economic opportunities. Thousands come to this country for the chance to improve economic stability and climb the social ladder – opportunities usually not available in their home countries. However, there has been increasing concern regarding American wages compared to the rise in the cost of living. Many of the lowest paid workers receive wages that is far much below the federal minimum provision as stipulated in the Fair Labor Standard Act (FLSA). At the same time, costs to cover only the basic of necessities are rising at a much faster rate. Currently, only ten states that have raised their minimum wage rate above the federal minimum wage rate to match the increasing cost of living. The federal minimum wage is listed as ($7.25) per hour. Most low-wage earning workers do not received benefits such as vacation and the family medical leave. Economists believe raising the minimum wage will combat poverty and improve the economy while opponents argue that raising the minimum wage will weaken job creation in an economy still climbing out of a recent recession. Raising the minimum wage is necessary and will have the following three outcomes; Increase economic spending thus reducing economic recovery time, improve overall living for families, decrease the need for social programs such as Temporary Aid to Needy Families (TANF) and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). SupposeShow MoreRelatedMinimum Wage During The Great Depression1419 Words   |  6 PagesThe Minimum Wage Battle In the United States, the minimum wage was passed during the Great Depression in 1938 to protect the buying power of normal workers in a period in which the â€Å"unemployment rate was still a very high 19 percent† (Sklar, 2009, p. 1). Since that time, there has been significant debate about the controversial topic of raising the federal minimum wage. The federal minimum wage law was created to eliminate unfair practices of sweat shops and manufacturing companies during this timeRead MoreThe Minimum Wage Change 1151 Words   |  5 Pagesthe topic of minimum wage. With president Obama’s increase in the minimum wage to 10.10$ per hour people, both economists and politicians alike, have been debating whether raising the bar is a smart idea. At a time when the country the country’s inflation continues to rise at a steady pace and Americans are constantly working to feed their families, some economists know that a raise in the minimum wage would help elevate some of the difficulty. The last time the federal minimum wage was raised wasRead MoreThe Benefits Of Raising The Minimum Wage706 Words   |  3 Pages Minimum wage is a difficult number to decide on because it affects different income earning citizens in different ways. According to Principles of Microeconomics, by N. Gregory Mankiw, minimum wage is a law that establishes the lowest price for labor that and employer may pay (Mankiw 6-1b). Currently, the minimum wage in the United States is $7.25 per hour. For many years politicians and citizens have argued on what should be the minimum wage that would benefit the economy and society in generalRead MoreMinimum Wage And The Wage1639 Words   |  7 PagesMinimum wage is one of the many microeconomic policies that serve to correct imbalance in the economy. It is defined as the lowest amount of remuneration required of an employer to pay his employees during a given period of work. There exist different laws in different states that can fix the minimum wage policy. A current economic issue is minimum wage, or specifically, its pertinence to social inequality. Many sectors of society w ould be affected by changes in this policy. Minimum wage relies onRead MoreA Brief Note On Raising The Minimum Wage1503 Words   |  7 PagesWage War Alternatives to Raising the Minimum Wage Minimum wage is a topic of considerable controversy and a significant source of economic stratification. Essentially, the minimum wage policy is what defines the baseline income of â€Å"low level† or â€Å"starting positions.† Here in the U.S. most individuals will at some point in their life hold a minimum wage position. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, about 58.5% of U.S. citizens were paid at hourly rates, and about 2.6 million workersRead MorePros And Cons Of Raising The Minimum Wage1122 Words   |  5 PagesSince 2009, the federal minimum wage rate for employees has been $7.25 per hour. In retrospect, this is hardly enough pay to take care of one’s self-- let alone a family with children. If a person were to add up the average cost of living for one week and then compare it to the average amount of money earned in minimum wage for that week, it would be apparent that there is little to no extra money for emergency situations. Increasing t he minimum wage has been a major controversial issue; DemocratsRead MoreThe Case For A Higher Minimum Wage1659 Words   |  7 PagesRachel Dorf The Case for a Higher Minimum Wage In 1938, the Federal Government established a minimum wage through the Fair Labor Standards Act, during the Great Depression. Its stated purpose was to keep American workers out of poverty and increase consumer purchasing power to help stimulate the economy. President Franklin Roosevelt, understood that the minimum wage should be a living wage, he stated â€Å"by living wages, I mean more than a bare subsistence level — I mean the wages of a decent livingRead More America Must Create Jobs Essay1475 Words   |  6 PagesPrices everywhere are on the rise as wages are declining drastically. Class division has never been more distinct. Of those lucky enough to have secured the multiple jobs needed in order to maintain their subsistent existences, most make only a minimum wage, established by their state’s laws, which is then harshly taxed upon. Life is hard enough in our dying superpower of a nation, but even worse for the work force of America that must survive on minimu m wage. It is an offending disappointment thatRead MoreIf Minimum Wage Raise Up945 Words   |  4 PagesIf Minimum Wage Raise up In many cases in the U.S. people are suffering from the very low hourly wages. According to David Cooper: â€Å"As wages go down, the percentage of workers relying on public assistance gets higher: 60 percent of workers earning less than $7.42—only slightly higher than the $7.25 federal minimum wage—receive some form of means-tested public assistance.† Because the minimum wage is so low, many people are forced into programs, such as Medicaid, food stamps and the Earned IncomeRead MorePersuasive Speech Outline For Non Rising Of Minimum Wage Essay1228 Words   |  5 Pagessupport the non-rising of minimum wage. ___________________________________________________________________________ Introduction Attention getter (teaser): How many of you believe we in the state of California should have a higher minimum wage? Well we shouldn’t and I’m going to tell you why. Significance (why important to them?): A lot of people believe that because you re getting paid a higher minimum wage that it’s benefiting you but in reality that’s not the case. The purpose of my speech

The Toyota’s Culture Free Essays

Toyota culture : Toyota Motor Corporation is considered as the world’s largest automobile manufacturer . And Toyota’s culture is consider as one of the determinants of its success. Therefore Toyota culture is very famous. We will write a custom essay sample on The Toyota’s Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now Specific Toyota’s culture is condensed The Toyota Way. The Toyota Way is a set of principles and behaviors that underlie the Toyota Motor Corporation’s managerial approach and production system. It has two parts : 1 – The first part is called â€Å" The Toyota Way 2001†. It consists of 5 principles in two key areas: continuous improvement, and respect for people. The Toyota Way 2001† is illustrated by the following house : The Toyota Way 2001 We can realize that the Toyota Way 2001 house has two pillars are Continous Improvement and Respect for People. All Toyota members, at every level, are expected to use these values in their daily work and interactions. 1. 1 – Respect for People is a broad commitment. It means respect for all people touched by Toyota including employees, customers, investors, suppliers, dealers, the communities in which Toyota operates and society at large. It has two sub-calegories : – Respect : we respect others, make every effort to understand each other, take responsibility and do our best to build mutual trust. – Teamwork : we stimulate personal professional growth, share the opportunities of development and maximize individual and team performance. 1. 2 – Continuous Improvement is defined as â€Å"we are never satisfied with where we are and always improve our business by putting forth our best ideas and efforts†. It has three sub categories to complete the house : – Challenge : we form a long-term vision meeting challenges with courage and creativity to realize our dream. – Kaizen : we improve our business operations continuously, always driving for innovation and evolution. – Genchi Genbutsu : we believe in going to the source to find the facts to make correct decisions, build consensus and achieve goals at our best speed. 2 – The second part includes 14 principles that are found out by experts, and are divided into 4 section : 2. 1 Section I : Long-Term Philosophy is Principle 1 : Base your management decisions on a long-term philosophy, even at the expense of short-term financial goals. 2. 2 Section II — The Right Process Will Produce the Right Results includes from principle 2 to principle 8. – Principle 2 : Create a continuous process flow to bring problems to the surface. – Principle 3 : Use â€Å"pull† systems to avoid overproduction. – Principle 4 : Level out the workload ( heijunka ). ( Work like the tortoise, not the hare ). – Principle 5 : Build a culture of stopping the production line to fix problems, to get quality right the first time. Principle 6 : Standardized tasks and processes are the foundation for continuous improvement and employee empowerment. – Principle 7 : Use visual control so no problems are hidden. – Principle 8 : Use only reliable, thoroughly tested technology that serves your people and processes. 2. 3 Section III — Add Value to the Organization by Developing Your People includes from principle 9 to principle 11 : – Principle 9 : Grow leaders who thoroughly understand the work, live the philosophy, and teach it to others. Principle 10 : Develop exceptional people and teams who follow your company’s philosophy. – Principle 11 : Respect your extended network of partners and suppliers by challenging them and helping them improve. 2. 4 Section IV — Continuously Solving Root Problems Drives Organizational Learning includes from principle 12 to principle 14 : – Principle 12 : Go and see for yourself to thoroughly understand the situation ( Genchi Genbutsu ). – Principle 13 : Make decisions slowly by consensus, thoroughly considering all options; implement decisions rapidly ( nemawashi ). Principle 14 : Become a learning organization through relentless reflection ( hanse i) and continuous improvement ( kaizen ). Beside â€Å" The Toyo ta Way 2001† and 14 principles that is covered above, the Toyota culture is also dominated by Japaneses working culture. For example, they favor senior ; they work hard and play hard, they venerate the business card†¦. All of them make success of Toyota Motor Corporation. They are values gold principle that we should study. How to cite The Toyota’s Culture, Papers

The Use of Tea Tree Oil as an Alternative to Mupirocin for Those Suffering free essay sample

Abstract In vitro studies show that tea tree oil can be used as a topical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) eradication regimen in a laboratory setting. This report has been researched using a wide range of journals and internet sources to find out whether tea tree oil can be used as an alternative to Mupirocin for those suffering from MRSA colonisation. The journals that were searched contained useful information about tea tree oil as an antiseptic, however, many of the studies, like Hada et al (2001), looked at inhibiting the MRSA colonization rather than eradicating it. There were three studies found to be useful in this review. The first was Dryden et al (2004) which found Mupirocin to be more effective than tea tree oil by only a small percentage. The second study by Caelli et al (2001), which had considerably fewer participants, showed a large but non-significant improvement in eradicating MRSA compared to traditional treatment. Finally, the third study by May et al (2000) was performed with two chemically different tea tree oils and found a rapid killing time (less than 60 min) was achieved with both tea tree oils with most isolates, but MRSA was killed more slowly than other organisms. This study does not include murpirocin, however, it shows the success rates of tea tree oil as an antiseptic. All of these studies are cited in a review found by Flaxman (2007) which compares two randomized controlled trials which was undertaken to show the effects of tea tree oil and mupirocin in eradicating MRSA. There are currently an insufficient amount of studies to support the viability of tea tree oil in clinical practice against the eradication of MRSA. Introduction Antibiotics have saved millions of lives by killing harmful bacteria that cause infections. But the overuse of antibiotics has lead to the development of strains of bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics. MRSA, or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, is a type of bacteria that doesnt respond to treatment with many common antibiotics. Tea tree oil has been suggested as a possible alternative to dealing with certain forms of MRSA infection, but questions about its effectiveness remain (webmd. boots. com). Mupirocin is an antibiotic that is used topically on the skin for the treatment of bacterial disease of the skin caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Unlike most other antibiotics which act on either bacterial DNA or the walls of bacteria, mupirocin blocks the bacteriums ability to make proteins. Without the ability to make proteins, the bacteria die (medicinenet. com). Tea tree oil is obtained by steam distillation of the leaves of Melaleuca alternifolia, a tree native to Australia, and is reported to have antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties (Dryden, 2004). Currently, tea tree oil is used in cosmetics and healthcare products and has recently re-emerged as an effective antiseptic. Tea tree oil appears to exert its antibacterial action by disrupting the integrity of cell membranes of the bacteria, causing leaks in the cell walls to occur. Several studies show that tea tree oil is successful in killing MRSA in relatively short periods of time in concentrations 5% or less (Carson et al, 1995; May et al, 2000; Banes-Marshall et al, 2001 cited in Flaxman, 2007). A limited number of published controlled clinical trials support this latter use (May, 1999). Discussion A study by Dryden et al (2004) was a randomized controlled trial that dealt with tea tree oil compared to the usual treatment of MRSA. Dryden et al’s study took place a district general hospital and involved 236 people, whereas a study by Caelli et al (2000), which was also a randomized controlled trial, involved only 30 people and took place in an acute teaching referral hospital. There is little information on this hospital therefore it cannot be compared to other hospital settings (Dryden, Caelli cited in Flaxman, 2007). It was found that those who bathed using preparations containing tea tree oil never caught MRSA, whilst those who did not use them almost always did. According to Dryden et al (2004) tea tree creams and soaps appeared to be safe and well tolerated. Dryden also found that there was no significant difference between the two regimens when all patients and all colonized sites were taken into consideration with a success rate of 41% for tea tree oil and 49% for mupirocin. However, mupirocin was significantly more effective than tea tree cream in the nostrils (Dryden, 2004). Unlike Dryden et al, the study by Caelli et al (2000) gave age ranges for comparison in their two groups. Fifty-eight years compared to seventy-four years may have influenced the results as younger patients usually only suffer with nasal carriage and older patients tend to suffer with chronic wounds colonized with MRSA (Flaxman, 2007). However, Dryden treated lesions that Caelli et al did not which may also have affected the results in that lesions are often colonized if a patient has carriage (Flaxman, 2007). A study by May et al (2000) was an in-vitro study looking at time-kill studies of tea free oil on clinical isolates including MRSA. It was performed with two chemically different tea tree oils and found a rapid killing time (less than 60 min) was achieved with both tea tree oils with most isolates, but MRSA was killed more slowly than other organisms. The results of the time–kill studies show the clone of tea tree oil, known as clone 88, to be more or equally effective compared with the standard oil (May et al, 2000). Conclusion Even though mupirocin shows a slightly higher success rate than tea tree oil in some studies shown, tea tree oil is a viable alternative to antibiotic treatment for MRSA skin infections. This finding is especially important as bacterial resistance continues to increase and infections become harder to treat. However, evidence seems to favour mupirocin as first line treatments for MRSA. There are enough studies to warrant further investigation to whether tea tree oil products have a role in treating MRSA. Tea tree oil should also be seen as a second line treatment for nasal colonisation based on the results of the Dryden et al study.